Part A2 · Costs, Margin and Break-even

Sunk Cost and Opportunity Cost

Sunk costs are past spending you cannot recover; they should not drive today's choices. Opportunity cost is the value of the best option you give up.

Sunk Cost and Opportunity Cost · Illustrated by Hendra Saputra with AI assistanceSelect the illustration to explore it at a larger size.

The idea

Customers do not care what you paid for spectrum or a campaign. Only future revenue and future costs should decide whether to continue. Opportunity cost works the other way: it adds a real cost that accounts often miss, such as the paid capacity that free bonus data uses up on a busy site.

Use it thoughtfully

  • Remove past spending from decision papers.
  • Compare only future revenue and future costs.
  • Name what each option gives up.

An example

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE: A campaign is underperforming after spending most of its budget. The team stops it and moves the remaining money to a channel with better results.

A question to try

Which current project would you stop today if you ignored what has already been spent on it?

A useful framework is a starting point, not a guarantee. Effects vary with the audience, product and situation. Use truthful evidence, respect customer choice, and test the result.

Connect the ideas

Illustration

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